Sociology 780

Racial and Ethnic Differentiation

Spring 2003

Lecture: Monday, 5:30-8:18, Journalism 243

Professor: Zhenchao Qian. Office is 346 Bricker Hall. My office hours are 1:30 to 3:30 on Thursday. My telephone number is 688-8612, and my email is qian.26@sociology.osu.edu. My webpage is http://www.sociology.ohio-state.edu/zcq.

Overview:

This course has been designed to provide an overview of perspectives used in sociological studies of race and ethnicity. We will read classic and contemporary research on racial and ethnic relations in the U.S. The first half of the course covers a variety of theories on race/ethnic relations and addresses the issues related to social construction of race, racial identities, and the impact of immigration on racial dynamics. The second part of the course examines racial and ethnic inequality in social and demographic outcomes. We will finish the course by exploring interracial contact and multiracial populations. The goal of the course is to help you examine the field with broader perspective. The lectures and the readings should also lay the groundwork for those of you interested in doing some further work in the field.

I structure this course to address essential issues in the field, but the structure reflects my own research interests and my uneven knowledge of the field. I encourage you to get a more complete coverage of the field by familiarizing yourself with other relevant literature and/or exploring other course offerings.

Requirements:

Weekly reading essays	20%
Book review (outline, critique, presentation)	30%
Final paper	50%

1. You must finish the required readings prior to the class and email me your readings essays by 3pm on Monday. These essays can be brief, including your thoughts, understanding, reactions and questions of the weekly reading assignments. I’ll gather some of the questions and reactions for class discussions. I won’t return these essays so please keep a copy for your record.

2. You are required to prepare a written outline and a written critical book review of one book. You can choose one book from the books listed in the readings in bold. You will each be asked to make three choices from these books. I will do my best to make book review assignments that are of interest to you. You are required to distribute the outline to your class members and prepare 15-20 minutes to talk about the book. You should present the talk following a conference presentation style (with the help of either transparencies or PowerPoint). The critical review will be turned in only to me. Due dates for book outlines are spread throughout the quarter but critical reviews can be turned in at the end of the quarter (last class).

3. You are required to complete a final larger written assignment. This paper may consist of a critical review and evaluation of literature, a research proposal, or an empirical analysis. Your paper can be a thesis or a dissertation proposal, an extensive and relevant revision of your thesis, your dissertation, or even a paper from another course. Please discuss with me about the form and topic of your paper. The paper should be in a journal article length and should follow the style of American Sociological Review (proposal or empirical paper) or Annual Review of Sociology (review of literature). To make sure that you are right on time, I’ll have you turn in your progress report weekly starting the fifth week of the course.

4. A structured discussion is the essence of this course. Although class participation is not graded, active participation from all class members is essential for the success of the class. You should be prepared to participate actively in class discussion every week. I will call on you in every class if you don’t participate.

Students with documented disabilities are responsible for making their needs known to the instructor and seeking available assistance in a timely manner. The syllabus is available in alternative formats upon request. Please contact Karyl Shirkey, 304 Bricker Hall, 292-2056.

Readings:

We will read a number of articles from the following two books. You can read them on line or order the books directly from them (20% discount if you order directly with them).

Smelser, Neil J., William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. (SWM1) (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9599.html).

Smelser, Neil J., William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell. 2001. America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Volume 2. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. (SWM2) (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9719.html).

A course packet from Zip Publishing.

Schedule:

I. Introduction (t01.ppt)

Required:

· American Sociological Association Statement on the Importance of Collecting Data and Doing Social Scientific Research on Race

II. Assimilation Perspectives (t02.ppt)

Required:

· Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. Introduction, pp. lxvii-lxxxi, and Chapter 3, pp. 50-80 in An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.

· Gordon, Milton. 1964. Chapter 3, pp. 60-83 in Assimilation in American Life. New York: Oxford University Press.

· Glazer, Nathan and Daniel P. Moynihan. 1963. Introduction, pp. 1-23, in Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

· Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. 1997. "Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration." International Migration Review 31:826-874.

Additional:

· Alba, Richard D. 1995. "Assimilation's Quiet Tide." The Public Interest 119:1-18.

· Gordon, Milton M. 1964. Assimilation in American Life. New York: Oxford University Press.

· Alba, Richard D. 1990. Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America. New Haven: Yale University Press.

· Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W.W. Norton.

III. Stratification and New Formulations (t03.ppt)

Required:

· Bonacich, Edna. 1972. “A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism.” American Sociological Review 37: 547-559.

· Bonacich, Edna. 1973. “A Theory of Middleman Minorities.” American Sociological Review 38: 583-594.

· Wilson, William J. “The Declining Significance of Race.” Chapter 1 in The Declining Significance of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

· Omi, Michael and Howard Winant. 1994. Chapters 4 and 5, pp. 53-91, in Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. Second Edition. New York: Routledge.

· Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. Manuscript. “Latin Americanization of Race Relations in the U.S.”

· Oliver, Melvin L. and Thomas M. Shapiro. “Wealth and Racial Stratification.” SWM2

Additional:

· Blumer, Herbert. 1958. “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position.” Pacific Sociological Review 1: 3-7.

· Keith, Verna M. and Cedric Herring. 1991. "Skin Tone and Stratification in the Black Community." American Journal of Sociology 97: 760-778.

· Blauner, Robert. 1982. “Colonized and Immigrant Minorities.” Pp. 501-519 in Classes, Power and Conflict edited by Anthonoy Giddens and David Held. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Excerpted from Robert Blauner. 1972. Racial Oppression in America.)

· Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological Review 62: 465-480.

· Omi, Michael and Howard Winant. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. Second Edition. New York: Routledge.

· Wilson, William J. The Declining Significance of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

· Wilson, William J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

· Liberson, Stanley. 1980. A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants since 1880. Berkeley: University of California Press.

· Oliver, Melvin L. and Thomas M. Shapiro. 1997. Black Wealth/White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality. New York: Routledge.

· Steinberg, Stephen. 2001. The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America. Third Edition. Boston: Beacon Press.

IV. Immigration (t04.ppt)

Required:

· Zhou, Min. 1997. "Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation." International Migration Review 31:975-1008.

· Perlmann, Joel and Roger Waldinger. 1997. “Second Generation Decline? Children of Immigrants, Past and Present-A Reconsideration.” International Migration Review 31: 893-922.

· Waters, Mary C. and Karl Eschbach. 1995. "Immigration and Ethnic And Racial Inequality in the United States." Annual Review of Sociology 21:419-46.

· Massey, Douglas S. 1995. "The New Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States." Population and Development Review 21:631-652.

Additional:

· Zhou, Min and Carl L. Bankston III. 1998. Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

· Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

· Portes, Alejandro and Ruben G. Rumbaut. 1996. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.

· Portes, Alejandro and Ruben G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

V. Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity and Racial and Ethnic Identity (t05.ppt)

Required:

· Nagel, Joane. 1994. "Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture." Social Problems 41:152-76.

· Gans, Herbert J. 1979. "Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America." Ethnic and Racial Studies 2:1-20.

· Harris, David. 1995. "Exploring the Determinants of Adult Black Identity: Context and Process." Social Forces 74: 225-239.

· Landale, Nancy and Ralph Salvatore Oropesa. 2002. “White, Black, or Puerto Rican? Racial Self-Identification among Mainland and Island Puerto Ricans.” Social Forces 81: 231-54.

Additional:

· Eschbach, Karl, Khalil Supple, and C. Mattew Snipp. 1998. "Changes in Racial Identification and the Educational Attainment of American Indians, 1970-1990." Demography 35:35-43.

· Hout, Michael and Joshua R. Goldstein. 1994. “How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans: Demographic and Subjective Aspects of the Ethnic Compositions of White Americans.” American Sociological Review 59: 64-82.

· Espiritu, Yen Le. 1992. Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

· Davis, F. James. 1991. Who Is Black?: One Nation's Definition. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press

· Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.

· Rodriguez, Clara E. 2000. Changing Race: Latinos, the Census, and the History of Ethnicity in the United States. New York: New York University Press.

· Ignatiev, Noel. 1995. How the Irish Became White. New York: Routledge.

· Mathew Jacobson. 1998. Whiteness of a Different Color, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

VI. Prejudice and Discrimination (t06.ppt)

Required:

· Bobo, Lawrence D. 2001. “Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century,” Pp. 264-301, in America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, vol. 1, edited by Neil J. Smelser, William J. Wilson, and Faith Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Research Council. SWM2

· Feagin, Joe R. 1991. “The Continuing Significance of Race: Antiblack Discrimination in Public Places.” American Sociological Review 56: 101-116.

· Quillian, Lincoln. 1995. "Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe." American Sociological Review 60:586-611.

· Lee, Jennifer. 2002 "From Civil Relations to Racial Conflict: Merchant-Customer Interactions in Urban America." American Sociological Review 67 (1): 77-98.

Additional:

· Bobo, Lawrence and Camille L. Zubrinsky. 1996. "Attitudes on Residential Integration: Perceived Status Differences, Mere In-Group Preference, or Racial Prejudice?" Social Forces 74:883-909.

· Fairlie, Robert W. 2002. "Private Schools and "Latino Flight" From Black School Children." Demography 39:655-674.

· Kirshenman, Joleen and Kathryn M. Neckerman. 1992. "We'd Love to Hire Them, But...: The Meaning of Race For Employers." Pp. 203-234 in The Urban Underclass, edited by C. Jencks and P. Peterson. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution.

· Quillian, Lincoln and Devah Pager. 2001. "Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaulations of Neighborhood Crime." American Journal of Sociology 107:717-67.

· Krysan, Maria. 2002. "Whites Who Say They'd Flee: Who are They, And Why Would They Leave?" Demography 39:675-696.

· Schuman, H., C. Steeth, L. Bobo, and M. Krysan. 1997. Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

· Feagin, Joe R. and Melvin P. Sikes. 1994. Living with Racism: The Black Middle-Class Experience. Boston: Beacon Press.

VII. Education, Labor Market, and Residential Segregation (t07.ppt)

Required:

· Blank, Rebecca M. “An Overview of Trends in Social and Economic Well-Being, by Race.” SWM1

· Smith, James P. “Race and Ethnicity in the Labor Market: Trends Over the Short and Long Term.” SWM2

· Ferguson, Ronald F. “Test-Score Trends Along Racial Lines, 1971 to 1996: Popular Culture and Community Academic Standards.” SWM1

· Massey, Douglas S. “Residential Segregation and Neighborhood Conditions in U.S. Metropolitan Areas.” SWM1

Additional:

· Ogbu, John U. 1991. "Minority Coping Responses and School Experiences." The Journal of Psychohistory 18:433-456.

· Fordham, Signithia, and John U. Ogbu. 1986. "Black Students' School Success: Coping with the 'Burden of Acting White'." The Urban Review 18: 176-206.

· Ainsworth-Darnell, James W. and Douglas B. Downey. 1998. "Assessing the Oppositional Culture Explanation for Racial/Ethnic Differences in School Performance." American Sociological Review 63:536-53.

· White, Michael J. and Sharon Sassler. 2000. “Judging Not Only by Color: Ethnicity, Nativity, and Neighborhood Attainment.” Social Science Quarterly 81: 997-1013.

· Krivo, Lauren J., Ruth D. Peterson, Helen Rizzo, and John R. Reynolds. 1998. "Race, Segregation, and the Concentration of Disadvantage: 1980-1990." Social Problems 45:61-80.

· Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton. 1993. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

· Wilson, William J. 1996. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Vintage Books.

VIII. Family Structure, Labor Market, Health, and Justice (t08.ppt)

Required:

· Sandefur, Gary D., Molly Martin, Jennifer Eggerling-Boeck, Susan E. Mannon, and Ann M. Meier. “An Overview of Racial and Ethnic Demographic Trends.” SWM1

· Lichter, Daniel T., Diane K. McLaughlin, and David C. Ribar. 1997. “Welfare and the Rise in Female-Headed Families.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 112-43.

· Kington, Raynard S. and Herbert W. Nickens. “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health: Recent Trends, Current Patterns, Future Directions.” SWM2

· Williams, David. 1990. "Socioeconomic Differential in Health: A Review and Redirection." Social Psychology Quarterly 53: 81-99.

· Kennedy, Randall. “Racial Trends in the Administration of Criminal Justice.” SWM2

Additional:

· Moffitt, Robert A. and Peter T. Gottschalk. “Ethnic and Racial Differences in Welfare Receipt in the United States.” SWM2

· Lichter, Daniel T., Deborah R. Graefe, and Brian J. Brown. 2003. “Is Marriage a Panacea? Union Formation Among Economically Disadvantaged Unwed Mothers.” Social Problems 50: 60-86.

· Ferraro and Farmer. 1996. "Double Jeopardy to Health Hypothesis for African Americans: Analysis and Critique." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 29: 79-43.

· Hayward, Mark D., Eileen M. Crimmins, Toni P. Miles, and Yu Yang. 2000. "Socioeconomic Status and The Racial Gap in Chronic Health Conditions." American Sociological Review 65:910-930.

· Williams, David R. and Chiquita Collins. 1995. “U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations.” Annual Review of Sociology 21: 349-86.

· Smaje, Chris. 2000. Race, Ethnicity, and Health, Pp. 114-128 in, Handbook of Medical Sociology (5th Edition), edited by C.E. Bird, P. Conrad and A. Freemont. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

· Chiricos, Theodore G. and Charles Crawford. 1995. “Race and Imprisonment: A Contextual Assessment of the Evidence.” Pp. 281-309 in Ethnicity, Race, and Crime, edited by Darnell Hawkins. Albany: SUNY Press.

IX. Intermarriage, Mixed Race, and the New Race Question (t09.ppt)

Required:

· Michael A. Omi. “The Changing Meaning of Race.” SWM1

· Qian, Zhenchao and Daniel T. Lichter. 2001. "Measuring Marital Assimilation: Intermarriage Among Natives and Immigrants." Social Science Research 30:289-312.

· Hirschman, Charles, Richard Alba, and Reynolds Farley. 2000. "The Meaning and Measurement of Race in the U.S. Census: Glimpses into the Future." Demography 37:381-393.

· Goldstein, Joshua R. and Ann J. Morning. “Back in the Box: The Dilemma of Using Multiple-Race Data For Single Race Data.” Pp. 119-136 in The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals edited by Joel Perlmann and Mary C. Waters. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

· Harris, David R. and Jeremiah Joseph Sim. 2002. “Who Is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race.” American Sociological Review 67: 614-627.

Additional:

· Xie, Yu and Kimberly Goyette. 1997. "The Racial Identification of Biracial Children with One Asian Parent: Evidence from the 1990 Census." Social Forces 76:547-70.

· Office of Management and Budget. 1997. "Revision to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity." Federal Register

· Spickard, Paul R. 1992. "The Illogic of American Racial Categories." Pp. 12-23 in Racially Mixed People in America, edited by Maria P.P. Root. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

· Lee, Sharon M. 1993. "Racial Classification in the U.S. Census: 1890-1990." Ethnic and Racial Studies 16: 75-94.

· Qian, Zhenchao. 1997. "Breaking the Racial Barriers: Variations in Interracial Marriage between 1980 and 1990." Demography 34:478-500.

· Qian, Zhenchao. 2002. "Racial Options: Racial Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples."

· Perlmann, Joel and Mary C. Waters (Editors). 2002. The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.